Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science)

Injury Severity Model of Motor Vehicle Crashes Based on Scobit

WANG Lixiao1, ZUO Zhi1, YANG Ye1, LIU Jiangshui2

2020, 39(04): 1-5. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.16740696.2020.04.01

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In order to overcome the default assumption that the slope is the greatest when the cumulative probability of the traditional Binary Logit (BL) model is equal to 0.5, an injury severity model of motor vehicle crashes based on Scobit model was established. Compared with the traditional BL model, the Scobitbased model was more versatile and with wider application, in which a skewness coefficient was added. By modeling and estimating the severity of traffic accident injuries, it is shown that Scobit model is similar to BL model, and better than BL model in the evaluation of information criteria. The proposed model can be a new model choice for the study of traffic accident injury severity.

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Urban Road Network Regionalization Based on GN Algorithm

ZHENG Lili1,2, YANG Fan1, SUN Baofeng1, ZHANG YIbin1, LIU Heng1

2020, 39(04): 6-10. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2020.04.02

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The regional division of urban road traffic network is the premise and basis for realizing regional traffic control and traffic guidance, and correct traffic area division can significantly improve the efficiency of traffic control and guidance in urban areas.The urban road network was abstracted into a complex network structure with the travel time as the weight value.By using GN algorithm in the split algorithm,the modulus function of the road traffic network was proposed to realize thearea division of road network.According to the concept of strong community and weak community in complex network,the definition of strong connection area and weak connection area in road traffic network was proposed to evaluate the division results.At the same time, the obtained regionaldivision results were compared with thoseof unweighted road network.The results show that the division results of the proposed regional division method of urban road network are reasonable.

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Modeling and Simulation of Lateral Safety Distance of Automobile in the Bend

ZANG Liguo1,2, HE Xu1, TENG Fei1, FENG Ruoyu1

2020, 39(04): 11-16. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2020.04.03

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Most of the curves are sections that traffic accidents frequently occur. In order to prevent the collision risk caused by lane change during the turning and improve the safety of the vehicle, a model of lateral safety distance of automobile in the bend was established. In the proposed model, the driving distance of the lane-change vehicle was decomposed into lateral and longitudinal directions, so as to ensure that the two cars should not collide with each other when driving in the same direction in the bend. The lateral safety distance between the two vehicles was deduced, and the parameters such as longitudinal critical safety distance and the angle between the two cars were determined. Moreover, the proposed model was compared with the existing lateral critical safety distance model. The results show that the proposed model of lateral safety distance of automobile in the bend can accurately and effectively determine the lateral safety distance and improve the reliability of early warning.

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Calculation Method of Rational Scale of Large-Scale Public Parking Lots

SHAO Changqiao1，SHAO Xiaofei1，LYU Kun2，LI Xiaoming2

2020, 39(04): 17-22. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2020.04.04

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In order to determine the scale of large-scale public parking lots, the factors affecting the scale of parking lots and the calculation methods of reasonable scale of public parking lots were studied. Based on the expected scale model of public parking lots calculated by the parking generation rate method, a reasonable scale calculation constraint model of the large public parking lot was proposed, which considered the traffic capacity of the entrance and exit of the parking lot and the constraints of the surrounding road network. Based on the measured data, the parameters of the parking channel capacity model were calibrated. An application example was used to demonstrate how to use the constraint model to calculate the scale of parking lot, and was compared with the expectation model based on the parking rate method. Finally, the calculation results of the number of entrance and exit lanes of parking lots under different scales were given. The obtained results were compared with those of the corresponding specifications, and the refinement characteristics of the constraint model were further illustrated.

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Driving Condition of City Bus in Xian Based on Clustering and VSP Distribution

LI Yaohua, SONG Weiping, REN Tianyuan, GOU Qizhi, SHAO Pandeng

2020, 39(04): 23-30. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2020.04.05

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Vehicle driving condition is the important test basis for evaluating performance indexes, such as vehicle fuel consumption and emission. The actual operation data of the selected Xian city bus lines were collected, and the total original data samples of Xian city bus line construction were established, according to the station strength and line strength as the data distribution basis.Clustering method was used to classify the samples into three types: congestion, general and unobstructed.Three types of driving conditions were constructed respectively based on vehicle specific power, and the comprehensive driving condition of Xian urban buses was constructed by the time proportion of three kinds of data.The comprehensive driving condition was verified from the aspects of vehicle specific power distribution and eigenvalue,and was compared with ECEcondition and CCBC condition.The results show thatthe error of vehicle specific power distribution between the proposed comprehensive condition and the sample data is 0.0033, and the average error of eigenvalue is 0.083.Both two errors are far less thanthe errors between ECE condition, CCBC condition and sample data,which can accurately reflect the actual operation and emission characteristics of city bus inXian.

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Optimization Model of the Number of Taxi Operation Lane in Railway Passenger Transport Hub in the Perspective of Information Sharing

REN Qiliang, WANG Lei

2020, 39(04): 31-35. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2020.04.06

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Aiming at the low efficiency of taxi operation and management in railway passenger transport hub, the optimization model of the number of taxi operation lane was studied. Firstly, the problem of taxi operation organization in railway passenger transport hub was analyzed, and was abstracted into M/M/C queuing system to obtain the steady state index of the system. Then, the number of service desks in system was taken as a decision variable, the traffic mode choice model of railway passenger transport hub was taken as a constraint, and the optimization model of the number of taxi operation lane in railway passenger transport hub was established, with the goal of minimizing the sum of system operating costs and waiting costs of passengers. Finally, an example was given. The research results show that: the scheme obtained by the proposed model can make the comprehensive cost minimum and the service level higher than the actual situation; the feasibility of the proposed model is verified, which has important theoretical value for improving the operation efficiency of railway passenger transport hub and the service quality of taxi system.

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Dalian Port Throughput Prediction Based on Improved Adaptive Filtering Algorithm

LI Ying,FU Jinyu, ZHANG Zhaoyi, GAO Pengju

2020, 39(04): 36-40. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2020.04.07

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In order to effectively forecast the throughput of Dalian port, an adaptive filtering algorithm was introduced. By use of MATLAB simulation model, a future port throughput prediction model was established, which included the experimental simulation process, technical principles and theoretical models. The prediction results were obtained by an improved adaptive filtering algorithm. Combined with setting different amplification levels, different degrees of correction were performed. The results indicate that: through the small error set by the model, four weights are selected and the best weight is obtained by iterative operation, and then it is applied to the next group of data for prediction. The research shows that the variance and standard deviation of the prediction value of port throughput obtained by the improved adaptive filtering algorithm are respectively improved from 0.019 899 and 0.141 064 before improvement to 0.008 172 and 0.090 399 after improvement, which indicates that the proposed model can effectively predict the port throughput in the following years.

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Crack Analysis Method of Prestressed Concrete Beams Strengthened with CFRP Based on Cohesive Theory

REN Wei 1，ZHAO Man2，LIU He2

2020, 39(04): 41-45. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2020.04.08

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In order to calculate the crack characteristics of prestressed concrete beams strengthened with CFRP sheets accurately,the theoretical analysis model of cohesion was established by adopting the cohesion theory and incremental analysis,and introducing the interface bonding slip constitutive relation. The crack characteristics of the strengthened beams were theoretically deduced, which was based on the overall strength of the interface bonding material. And the theoretical calculation formulas of the crack width and spacing of the strengthened beams were put forward.Compared with the actual reinforcement test, it is found that: the error of the calculation value of crack spacing and crack width based on the cohesion theory is 5.77% and 12.83% respectively; the calculation results are in good agreement with the actual results, which can be applied to the crack calculation of the actual strengthened structure.

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Technology and Performance of Steel Bridge Deck Paved by Pouring Asphalt Mixture

ZHAO Guoyun1, JIANG Zhenhua2

2020, 39(04): 46-51. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2020.04.09

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In order to improve construction efficiency and high-temperature stability of pouring asphalt mixture, MA-10 were mixed with GA-10 process, on the basis of the comparative analysis of the characteristics of MA-10 and GA-10. Firstly, two kinds of technical index evaluation systems were used for indoor test and analysis. Secondly, the addition of Sasobit modifier, the change of 0.075 mm mesh passing percent of mineral aggregate gradation and different kinds and amounts of asphalt cement were used for proportioning and testing, and the influence of these three factors on the road performance of MA-10 mixture was analyzed. Finally, the accelerated loading test was carried out at 60 ℃ to check its high-temperature stability. Research results show that: when MA-10 is mixed with GA-10 process, the penetration and hardness of the mixture decreases by 60%, but the penetration increment is about 20% of the penetration, which is about 2 times of GA-10 mixture; when 3% Sasobit modifier is added, the penetration and its increment of MA-10 decreases by 27% and 54% respectively; when 0.075 mm mesh passing percent of mineral aggregate gradation is reduced, the high-temperature stability can be improved, but the paving fluidity is obviously influenced. Changing asphalt type and content is difficult to make high-temperature stability and paving fluidity of the mixture meet technical requirement simultaneously. In the accelerated loading test at 60 ℃, the rutting depth of MA-10 decreases by 50%. It is concluded that mixing MA-10 with GA-10 process and being assisted by Sasobit modifier, can not only improve high-temperature stability of MA-10 greatly, but also shorten the construction period by more than 60%.

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Excavation Stability of Layered Soft Rock Tunnel and Its Asymmetric Bolting Supporting

TANG Yong, SUN Zhihui

2020, 39(04): 52-60. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2020.04.10

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In layered soft rock stratum,the asymmetric failure characteristic of surrounding rock and asymmetric stress feature of supporting system are remarkable after tunnel excavation, resulting in a great challenge for stability control of surrounding rock. Based on this background, an anisotropic constitutive model of layered rock was established to analyze the influence of inclination angle and dip angle of foliation on the failure pattern of surrounding. Finally, the asymmetric support mode of rock bolt for deformation control of surrounding rock was put forward. The research results show that: ①When the inclination angle is 0° and the dip angle is 0°~180°or the dip angle is 0° and the inclination angle is 0°~90°,the plastic failure area and significant deformation area of surrounding rock under different combinations are symmetrically distributed along the vertical axis of the tunnel. When the dip angle is between 0 ° and 90 °, the plastic zone and deformation significant zone of surrounding rock show obvious asymmetric distribution characteristics. When the inclination angle is 90° and the dip angle is 90°,the plastic area and significant deformation area of surrounding rock are symmetrically distributed along the vertical axis of the tunnel.Under the conditions with other dip angles, the plastic zone and significant deformation zone of surrounding rock are asymmetrically distributed along the vertical axis of the tunnel.②For layered rock mass, the characteristic of foliation is the most important factor to influence the failure mode of surrounding rock, and the dinection of geo-stress field is a secondary factor.③The asymmetric bolt support scheme,which is to firstly strengthen the bolt support in the area with large plastic failure of surrounding rock and secondly strengthen the bolt support in the area with large displacement of surrounding rock,can effectively control the large deformation of surrounding rock and the development of plastic area.Key words： tunnel engineering; layered rock mass; anisotropy; deformation controlling; asymmetric supporting

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Efficiency Analysis of Large-Scale Precast Yards Based on Production Balance Model

DAI Binyi

2020, 39(04): 61-68. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2020.04.11

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In order to better carry out the production of segmental beam in the short-line segmental precast yards, it is very necessary for the precast yards to estimate the production capacity before carrying out the prefabrication work. At present, there are few references about the engineering efficiency analysis and calculation of large-scale prefabrication task in China, and there is no detailed research. Therefore, the main factors affecting the segmental prefabrication production of large-scale precast yard are comprehensively considered, and it is very necessary to provide a method of efficiency analysis for large-scale precast yards. Furthermore, in view of the fact that the prefabrication plants are all existing precast yards with a certain production scale, a balanced model is established to simulate the capacity distribution of multiple precast yards, which can provide a reference for the early efficiency analysis of such projects in the future.

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Influence of Asphalt Components on Anti-aging Performance of Asphalt

GAO Guihai，GUO Ning，QIAN Bo

2020, 39(04): 69-73. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2020.04.12

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In order to master the influence of asphalt components on the anti-aging performance of asphalt, five kinds of asphalts were selected to analyze their components, and the penetration, softening point, and DSR tests were used to study the performance change rule of asphalt before and after aging. Then the gray correlation analysis method was used to study the influence degree of asphalt components on the anti-aging temperature performance. After determining the main influencing factors, the regression analysis method was used to study the influence trend of various factors on the anti-aging performance of asphalt. The results show that it is recommended to use aged asphalt residue softening point increment, phase angle ratio and complex modulus ratio to reflect the anti-aging performance of asphalt from different aspects. The “saturation + aromatic”, aromatic and saturation components are the main factors affecting the softening point increment and complex modulus ratio of the aged asphalt residue, and the influence degree of these three components is reduced in turn. Asphaltene is the main factor affecting the phase angle ratio of the aged asphalt residue. According to the order of “saturation + aromatic”, aromatic and saturation components,the asphalt with low content of three or high asphaltene content can be selected to improve its anti-aging performance.

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Experimental Study of Performance of Desulfurized Rubber Asphalt and Rubber Asphalt

ZHANG Zhengqi, FANG Ying, LI Zhuolin

2020, 39(04): 74-79. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2020.04.13

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Dongming 70# asphalt was selected as matrix asphalt (MA), and the desulfurized rubber asphalt (DRA) and rubber asphalt (RA) were prepared by mixing 22% ordinary rubber powder or deep desulfurized rubber powder respectively. And three asphalt mortars corresponding to MA, DRA and RA were prepared. Properties of DRA, RA were tested and compared, such as the infrared spectrum, viscosity-temperature curve, harmful gas emission, adhesion, storage stability, aging performance, high temperature performance etc.. The test results show that: compared with RA, there is no new chemical bonds in DRA, which shows that DRA and RA contain similar chemical functional groups. The mixing and compaction temperature of DRA are 166.20～175.40 ℃, 151.30～157.98 ℃ respectively, and those of RA are 195.62～205.26 ℃, 179.53～187.19 ℃respectively, which indicates that RA has better high temperature performance. The harmful gas emission of DRA is about 1/2 of that of RA, indicating that DRA is relatively environmentally friendly. DRA is superior to RA in low-temperature cohesion, mechanical stirring storage stability and high-temperature rutting resistance after short-term aging. However, the aging resistance, high-temperature rutting resistance of DRA are lower than those of RA. It is recommended that DRA can be used in areas where high-temperature performance requirements are relatively low, while RA should be restricted due to its poor environmental protection.

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Real-Time Detection Technology of Compaction Degree

CAO Yuanwen1, ZHOU Bo1, LI Shenglian2, YANG Qinghua2, BAI Liping3

2020, 39(04): 80-85. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2020.04.14

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In order to realize thereal-time detection ofcompaction degree of road surface, by analyzing the vibration compaction model, it was concluded that the compaction quality could be characterized by collecting and analyzing the variation law of the vibration wheel acceleration signal. The vibration acceleration signal was measured by the built-in signal acquisition system, and the linear relationship between the vibration acceleration and the actual compaction degree was obtained by linear fitting after signal conversion, amplification and filtering.Andby using LabView, the real-time detection system of compaction degree was established, in whichthe results were presented in the computers test software to achieve real-time detection of road surface compaction degree. The feasibility of theproposed method and the reliability of the real-time detection system are verified by engineering experiments, which provides a valuable reference for the research of compaction detection.

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Influence Factors of Deformation of Enclosure Structure of Biasing Foundation

SUN Wubin

2020, 39(04): 86-91. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2020.04.15

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To study the lateral deformation characteristics of the biasing foundation pit enclosure structure of subway station, taking the foundation pit of a subway station for example, a three-dimension numerical simulation model was established by FLAC3D. The influence of e (the distance between building and foundation pit), q (the building load) and h (excavation depth of foundation pit) on the ratio of the maximum lateral displacement on both sides of the retaining structure of the biasing foundation pit in subway station was discussed. Furthermore, the division standard of deviation degree under each factor was established, and the corresponding deformation control measures were put forward. Meanwhile, the sensitivity of each factor was analyzed on the basis of the grey correlation theory to find out the most unfavorable factors. The research indicates that the biasing load caused by the adjacent buildings will greatly increase the lateral displacement of the retaining structure, which is adverse to the safety of the foundation pit. The ratio of the maximum lateral displacement on both sides of the retaining structure has a linear function with the distance “e”, a piecewise linear function with the depth “h”, and a cubic function with the building load “q”. The sensitivity order of influencing factors of unsymmetrical deformation of the retaining structure of the biasing foundation pit of adjacent buildings is as followed: distance between building and foundation pit “e”＞ building load “q”＞excavation depth “h”. The research conclusions can provide references for the design and construction of foundation pit.

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Design and Implementation of One New Intelligent Channel Monitoring System

SUN Kehui1,2, QIN Chuan1, XIAO Yan1, AI Wei1

2020, 39(04): 92-97. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2020.04.16

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In order to improve the level of waterway management and realize the intellectualization of waterway management, a new intelligent waterway monitoring system was proposed, which consisted of a new beacon light, a ship carrier and a monitoring center. The new beacon light used Beidou positioning technology to accurately locate the beacon light, and used multi-sensor fusion technology to realize the real-time collection and processing of hydrological and other information. The transmission of information between various parts was realized by wireless communication technology. In addition, the channel information could be monitored in real time through the display software at server end. The analysis shows that the proposed new intelligent waterway monitoring system can realize the stable tracking of ships, real-time detection of hydrological information, and determine the working condition of beacon lights.

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Impact of Clean Energy Heating on Fog and Haze in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration

ZHOU Wei1,2, ZHOU Xu1, LI Zhaobi1, LIAO Tao1, SHI Peiqi1

2020, 39(04): 98-103. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2020.04.17

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In recent years, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration has been seriously affected by fog and haze pollution, especially in winter heating period, and the air quality index has been seriously exceeding the standard. In order to alleviate the severe fog and haze caused by winter heating in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, a clean energy heating policy was implemented in 2016. The changes of air quality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration before and after the implementation of clean energy heating policy were compared and analyzed, and Mann-Kendall model was used to test the trend of air quality. The results show that: ① The air quality indexes (AQI, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 and CO) in the heating period after the implementation of clean energy in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is lower than those before the implementation of clean energy. ② The comparative analysis of air quality shows that the implementation of clean energy can significantly promote the improvement of air quality. However, coal-fired heating in the past winter has actually exacerbated air pollution. ③ UF curves of six air quality factors (AQI, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 and CO) in Beijing from 2013 to 2018 are plotted by Mann-Kendall test. The results show that the variation characteristics of AQI, PM2.5 are similar, and the UF curves are almost the same, with mutations; the trend and mutation of PM10, NO2 and CO are strong; SO2 shows a downward trend, and no mutation occurs. Through the above analysis, it can be preliminarily predicted that the air quality index of Beijing will show a downward trend and a significant trend in the next few years. Therefore, it is urgent to use clean energy to improve air quality.

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Research Progress of River Heavy Metal Pollution in China Based on CNKI

ZHAO Yu1,2, YANG Qingwei1

2020, 39(04): 104-109. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2020.04.18

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By using “China Journal Full Text Database” in CNKI, a quantitative analysis of the relevant literature on RHMP collected from 2008 to 2018 was carried out in terms of annual volume, main publishing institutions, cited frequency and download volume. And the research results in this field were compared with those in Web of Science database. The results indicate that: within the statistical range, the total number of the published documents increases first and then decreases; the journals with the largest number of published papers are Environmental Science & Technology and Acta Scientiae Circumstantia; the ecological environment research center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has a relatively high volume of publications and comprehensive influence; although there are many times of literature downloaded in the statistical range, the times of cited articles are relatively low. The research directions such as “ecological risk assessment”, “sediment”, “potential ecological risk” and “phytoremediation” have attracted high attention.

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Effect of Boundary Layer Mesh Parameters on Simulation Results of Vehicle External Flow Field

ZHANG Furen，XIA Wenyan

2020, 39(04): 110-115. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2020.04.19

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In order to improve the accuracy of numerical simulation of vehicle external flow field, the characteristic size parameters of boundary layer mesh were optimized and the influence of each parameter on the simulation results was analyzed. On the basis of MIRA square-back model, the thickness of the first boundary layer, the total thickness of the boundary layer and the number of layers in the boundary layer were selected as the design variables for the experimental design. The drag coefficient Cd and the lift coefficient Cl were taken as the optimization targets to carry out the multi-objective optimization. According to the Pareto diagram of response value Cd and Cl, the effect of design variables and response values was explored. Finally, the Cd,Cl and velocity flow field calculated by wind tunnel test and optimized by numerical simulation were compared. The results show that the interaction effect between the thickness of the first layer and the total thickness of the boundary layer has the greatest effect on Cd, and the single factor effect of the number of boundary layers and the total thickness of the boundary layer has a great effect on the Cl. After optimization, the calculation error of Cd and Cl is reduced, and the consistency of velocity flow field display with PIV experiment is improved greatly.

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Steering Wheel Angle Detection System Based on Multiple-Axis Inertial Sensor

QUAN Wei1, LI Hongtao1,2

2020, 39(04): 116-122. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2020.04.20

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A steering wheel angle detection system based on multiple-axis inertial sensor was proposed to realize wireless external and full range angle real-time detection. Based on the attitude analysis of three-axis acceleration component in Roll-Pitch model, the complementary filtering for analytic angle was carried out by using three-axis angular velocity data, in order to improve the high frequency characteristics. The reset compensation and the full angle compensation algorithm were designed, and the system could obtain the steering wheel full angle data with an initial angle of 0° and an absolute position of ±720°. The detection results of steering wheel angle were wirelessly transmitted to PC or other intelligent terminals through Bluetooth module. The results of comparative experiments show that the steering wheel angle detected by the proposed system has a good linear correlation with the true value. The field test results show that the proposed system can realize real-vehicle, real-time and auxiliary discrimination of common driving behaviors.

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Design of Marine Power Lithium Battery Control System Based on CAN Bus

HAO Gang1,2，JIN Tao1

2020, 39(04): 123-128. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2020.04.21

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The development of ship electric propulsion technology poses new challenges for ship energy storage, ship intelligence and electrification. The application of clean new energy represented by lithium battery will drive the technological innovation of green ships and smart ships. The marine power battery system is the core of the electric ship power system, and its control and monitoring technology affects the safety of ship control, operation and maintenance. In view of the fact that modern ships have many cabins and complicated pipelines, CAN bus technology was introduced to develop marine power battery control system, and based on this, the modular control strategy of marine power battery system was designed from shore charging, power storage to power output. Finally, the battery management system was used as the core for system integration, and the integrated management of the marine power battery system was completed. The practical application shows that the proposed method is effective for the effective management of the operation and maintenance of the marine power battery system.

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