Abstract: In order to study the casualties caused by the use of equipment by passengers in subway stations, the equipment failure and the resulting casualty process were studied. Firstly, the use of equipment by passengers and the failure were discussed. Then, the process of casualties was studied. Finally, concepts and methods such as casualty patterns and importance degree were put forward. Research shows that equipments failure can pose safety hazards to passengers and even cause casualties and mass accidents. Failures of equipment such as automatic ticket checking machine, escalator and safety door can evolve into casualty accident. The evolution network diagram of casualty process was drawn. The concepts and mathematical models of path evolution pattern, path connectivity probability, causal event importance and transfer probability importance were proposed. The case analysis shows that the failure of safety door and escalator is more likely to cause casualties, and the specific evolution conditions are crucial to the evolution of casualty accidents.

Key words: traffic and transportation engineering; system safety; subway station; equipment failure; casualties; evolution process; importance degree

摘要： 为研究地铁站中乘客使用设备造成的人员伤亡，对设备故障及其导致的人员伤亡过程进行研究。首先论述了乘客使用设备及其故障；随后研究了人员伤亡过程；最后提出了人员伤亡模式和重要程度等概念和方法。研究表明：设备故障能导致乘客安全隐患，甚至诱发人员伤亡和群体性事故。自动检票机、自动扶梯和安全门等故障可演化成人员伤亡事故。绘制了人员伤亡过程演化网络图；提出了路径演化模式、路径连通概率、原因事件重要度和传递概率重要度的概念和数学模型。实例分析认为安全门和自动扶梯故障更易导致人员伤亡，特定演化条件对人员伤亡事故演化至关重要。

关键词: 交通运输工程；系统安全；地铁站；设备故障；人员伤亡；演化过程；重要度