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30 August 2015, Volume 34 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Bridge & Tunnel Engineering
Highway & Railway Engineering
Port & Waterway ? Hydraulic & Hydroelectric ? Resources & Environment
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Bridge & Tunnel Engineering

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Influence of Foundation Settlement on Bridge Structure in Coastal Area and Processing Method Xiang Zhongfu, Liu Xiangyu, Xu Lige 2015, 34(4): 1-6.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.01 Abstract ( )   PDF (1061KB) ( )   Superstructure stress concentration and cracking were often caused by the uneven foundation settlement during the design and construction of bridge across the estuary and in coastal area. ABAQUS was adopted to analyze the lateral displacement of the pile in the role of foundation settlement under six conditions, including the original design condition, the change the pile diameter, the increase of the anchor with various pile diameters, the increase of steel on the basis of cofferdam pile diameter as well as the change of the quantity and form of 0# cloth pile. In view of the pile foundation displacement under different conditions, the idea that the upper structure kept the bridge span unchanged was put forward, but the upper part was adjusted to the simply supported structure, and the hollow slab was used. The pile diameter of the lower part structure was still 1.2 m, and the soil on the pile pushing role was decreased through the setting of large diameter steel casing cofferdam. Treatment options were proposed, such as setting empty abutment, increasing tensile anchor structure, and the auxiliary measures of force dissipation hole. This method has achieved good results in practical application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental Study and Analysis on Shear Lag Effect of Prestressed Composite Beam Structure Composite Beam Structure Hu Shaowei, Yu Jiang, , Xie Jianfeng, Xu Aiqing 2015, 34(4): 7-14.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.02 Abstract ( )   PDF (1135KB) ( )   In order to make an in-depth analysis on shear lag effect of prestressed steel-concrete composite beam structure, a new type of double-box steel-concrete composite beam with wide flange was proposed and researched through the test, and its load-stress curves, load-strain curves, and load-deflection curves were discussed under mid-span concentrated load. Based on the warping displacement model assumption, governing differential equations were established by the minimum potential energy principle, and expressions of strain and deflection were deduced considering both shear lag effect and prestressed increment. Finally, combining with the example, contrastive analyses on shear lag effect between test and theory were also launched within the elastic stage, analysis solution showed that the error within 15%. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Automatic Monitoring System for Displacement of Pier and Beam of Curved Bridge Tian Shiqing, Cao Hong, Wang Junxin, Zhang Minghui 2015, 34(4): 15-19.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.03 Abstract ( )   PDF (1268KB) ( )   For curved bridge piers, beams, bearings and expansion joints diseases occur interrelated phenomena, design and development of the bending beam displacement pier automatic monitoring system. Combined effects of thermal expansion and contraction, and system installation affect the original pier excursion between the beam monitoring values deduced through theoretical actual offset value formula pier beams; to achieve the displacement of the expansion joints by image acquisition mode artificial situation interpretation, real-time observation of the bearing state, and to realize the displacement sensor to collect data validation obtained; mobile data transmission over a wireless network to a server, and the server software system called data processing, form data graphs, export monitoring data; to overrun situation timely messages warning, so as to achieve a timely and effective early warning monitoring points are functional damage conditions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Digital Pressure Sensor and Its Application for Vertical Displacement Measurement Based on MEMS Measurement Based on MEMS Zhu Shifeng, Zhou Zhixiang, Wu Haijun 2015, 34(4): 20-27.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.04 Abstract ( )   PDF (4401KB) ( )   A vertical displacement sensor based on MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) and connecting pipe technology was developed for convenience, highprecision, realtime remote monitoring of the vertical displacement. Measurement principle of closed differential pressure connecting pipe displacement was elaborated and the test module was realized. The application performance of closed differential pressure connecting pipe displacement sensor was mainly analyzed from the view of stability and reliability. Initial experiment results show that the resolution of this sensor is higher than 0.1 mm in vertical displacement measurement; the sensitivity is relatively high, with longterm stability 0.3 mm. The daily need for displacement monitoring and measurement is met. It has been successfully applied in bridge deflection measurement of the bridge static load test, which shows that the system has many advantages such as realtime monitoring, low implementation cost, easy to be operated and so on. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Control Method of Concrete Continuous Bridge by Cantilever Casting Construction Sun Yongming, Rong Xueliang, He Xiaodong 2015, 34(4): 28-33.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.05 Abstract ( )   PDF (586KB) ( )   Construction control theory and method of long-span prestressed concrete continuous beam bridge were summarized and estimated, and both of parameter identification and state preforest were necessary functions in the selfadaptive construction control system of longspan prestressed concrete continuous beam bridge. The deviation feedback equations were set up by theoretical calculation elevations and measured elevations of every cantilever segments, and the feedback deviations were divided into three parts, including measuring deviation, parameter deviation and system deviation. By introducing the vector of the parameter correction coefficient, the parameters of the beam segment weight, the hanging basket stiffness, the prestressing effects and shrinkage and creep of concrete could be corrected at real time. The correction coefficient of beam stiffness was calculated by the elevation deviation of moving hanging baskets, the correction coefficients of beam weight and hangingbasket stiffness were calculated by the elevation deviation of pouring concrete. The correction coefficient of prestressed effects was calculated by the elevation deviation of tensioning prestressed strands,and the system deviations were calculated by the total deviation of constructing one segment. Finally, every parameter correction coefficients and system deviations of next segment were predicted by the modes of GM (1, 1) and CGM (1, 1) based on gray prediction theory; moreover, the formwork erection elevation of the awaiting constructed beam segment was gained. Tested by the engineering example, with the cantilever segments increased, the total number of samples constantly was increased. The methods and formulas of parameter identification were proposed, which could rapidly and accurately identify the true values of every parameters, and predictive values based on gray prediction theory could be relatively stable near the true values. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Grouting Pre-reinforcement Mechanism and Effect Evaluation in WaterRich Loess Tunnel in Water-Rich Loess Tunnel Xue Xiaohui, Zhang Jun, Su Zhongming, Sun Zhijie 2015, 34(4): 34-38.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.06 Abstract ( )   PDF (606KB) ( )   In order to solve the problem of water-rich loess tunnel in construction process, based on the idea of underground water environmental balance, the Kuniaki Sato empirical formula and underground runoff modulus was used to build correlation function and get the permeability coefficient. Combining the engineering practice condition of the Qiaoyuan tunnel, the duplex pipe grouting was used to reinforce the water-rich loess tunnel, and its grouting effect was also evaluated in detail. Results show that there are a lot of obvious grouting veins on tunnel face, and the bedding is clear. There is not bleeding phenomenon on tunnel face. The surrounding rock is stable, no such phenomena occur as collapse, instability, gushing water or mud, etc. The soil strength increases dramatically, and the permeability reduces significantly. The permeability coefficient of grouting soil meets the requirements of underground water environmental balance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Major Technical Measures of the Third Series Argillaceous Weak Cementation Rich Water Silty Sand Rock Tunnelss Weak Cementation Rich Water Silty Sand Rock Tunnelss Li Guoliang, Wang Fei 2015, 34(4): 39-44.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.07 Abstract ( )   PDF (1204KB) ( )   In order to solve the serial engineering problems caused by the third series argillaceous weak cementation rich water silty sand in the construction process of Lan-Yu and Ningxia Wangwa railway, the surrounding rock characteristics of the third series argillaceous weak cementation rich water silty sand rock systematically were elaborated, the main auxiliary technical measures and engineering plans were introduced, and the design measures and the key construction technology of this stratum were put forward, in the consideration of the engineering and scientific difficulties in construction of Tao Shuping, Hu Maling, Cheng’er Shan tunnels, et al. The major principle that “major precipitation, concentrated catheters, strong supporting, assistant grouting, fast digging, fast supporting, fast closing” was determined, and the horizontal jet reinforcement in tunnel was adopted when it was necessary. The proposed whole set construction method of such stratum conditions was explored and applied to the engineering practice successfully, which solved the rarely encountered engineering problem in the world. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Highway & Railway Engineering

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Methods about Using CatMull-Rom Spline to Describe Characteristics of Road Centerline in Perspective View Chen Yuren, Wang Ruiyun, Dong Yongjie, He Sihong 2015, 34(4): 45-51.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.08 Abstract ( )   PDF (1680KB) ( )   Cubic Bezier spline, cubic B-spline and CatMull-Rom spline were used to fit road centerline in perspective view in this paper. The control points and fitting residuals from the three kinds of splines were analyzed by comparative studies. The results show that CatMull-Rom spline is more efficient and precise than the others in describing road centerline features in perspective view. It can meet the needs of describing features of perspective view from the vast maiority of road geometric design. The perspective view is divided into “near-scene”, “middle scene” and “far scene” as three different functional regions, and the concept and calculation method of the visual curve length and the visual curve curvature were proposed as shape parameters of road centerline in perspective view, combined the correlation analysis with operating speed. The shape parameters and operating speed are closely related. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mixture Proportion Design for Stone Mastic Asphalt Pavement Based on SkidResistance Performance Based on Skid-Resistance Performance Liu Yamin, Han Sen, Chen De 2015, 34(4): 52-56.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.09 Abstract ( )   PDF (400KB) ( )   In order to study the skid-resistance performance of Stone Mastic Asphalt pavement (SMA) and provide advice for the mixture proportion design, several primary parameters in mixture proportion design for SMA, such as the percentage passing through the key sieve size and asphalt content, were taken as factors and the orthogonal experiment design was established. The effects of these factors on the skid resistance were studied and the typical gray correlation degree was introduced to quantify the influence of primary parameters on skid resistance. The results indicate that: with the increase of the percentage passing through the maximum size of aggregate and asphalt content, the skid-resistance performance of SMA is reduced; for the skidresistance performance of SMA-13, when the percentage passing through the sieve size of 9.5 mm grows, it is increased firstly and then decreased; the trend of the skid-resistance performance is contrary when the percentage passing through the sieve size of 4.75 mm is increased; for the sieve size of 2.36 mm, the skid-resistance performance is inclined to increase gradually; and with the increase of asphalt content, the skid-resistance performance of SMA is inclined to decrease gradually. The influence degree of various parameters on the skid resistance follows in a descending order as: the passing percentage of the maximum size of aggregate, percentage passing through the key sieve size, asphalt content, the percentage passing of maximum size of aggregate through the sub-tissue sieve size, the percentage passing through the subtissue sieve size. Finally, based on the above research results, the gradation range for SMA with better skid resistance is recommended. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Potholes Measurement Method Based on Image Processing Without Reference Material Cao Jianqiu, Lan Quanxiang, Wang Danmei 2015, 34(4): 57-61.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.10 Abstract ( )   PDF (626KB) ( )   A potholes measurement method without reference materials was proposed by researching the existing measuring methods. Firstly, the pothole images were photographed by using the Android devices, and then the direction and gravity parameters of it were utilized to preprocess and correct pothole images. Secondly, mathematical models to measure potholes were established and the formulas were calculated. Finally, the errors of the proposed method were analyzed. Experimental results show that the presented method can achieve high accuracy of measurement and its error is acceptable. Compared with the traditional measurement methods, the problem for relying on reference materials is solved, and it has low dependence on the environment; the more important thing is that the convenience of information collection is improved obviously. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Reservoir Water Level Rise on the Stability of Super High Fills over V-shaped Gully Ding Jingsheng, Yuan Meng 2015, 34(4): 62-67.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.11 Abstract ( )   PDF (1108KB) ( )   Natural fluctuation of water level has a great effect on the stability of super high fill in the Three Gorges Reservoir. With continuous rising of water levels, the water will actively infiltrate into the slope under the effect of pore water pressure and seepage flow in unsaturated soils. Firstly, based on seepage calculation theory, FLAC was applied to simulate the seepage field change of the Vshaped gully super high fill in the Three Gorges reservoir when the water level had been rising from 145m up to 155, 165, 175 m. Then, variation rules of important parameters including saturation, pore water pressure, horizontal displacement and maximum shear strain increment were analyzed. The relation between safety factors and different heights (150, 155, 160, 165, 170, 175 m) of rising of water level were researched in three working conditions, including rising of water level, rising of water level under 3D effect condition, rising of water level under 3D effect and two times as much as normal loads conditions. Eventually, calculation results show that: with water level continuously rising, the saturation of the fill increases, which will result in more concave saturated seepage line and higher pore water pressure; the safety factors of three kinds of working conditions are increased, up to the max level (175m), the stability safety factors reach the maximum. The change rate of safety factors decreases first and then increases. The water level rises up by each 5 m; the average safety factors increase about 5% in three working conditions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive Risk Evaluation on the Longitudinal Cracks of Permafrost Subgrade Based on Fuzzy Neural Network Ye Min, Wang Tiequan 2015, 34(4): 68-72.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.12 Abstract ( )   PDF (989KB) ( )   The natural environment factor, the design factor and the frost soil factor for the permafrost subgrade crack damage evaluation were selected as the input vector. According to the fuzzy rule, the nonlinear mapping relation of the longitudinal crack evaluation of subgrade was established. Through the combination of input pretreatment and output post treatment, the fuzzy rule was embedded into the nonlinear calculation of the neural network. It evaluated the longitudinal cracks risk degree in the section of K3+020 of QinghaiTibet Highway and the disk degree was defined as second grade based on 11 kinds of damage factors. The results show that the model can quickly, accurately and objectively evaluate the subgrade longitudinal cracks risk degree in permafrost regions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Roadbed Deflection Method of Beckmann-Beam Based on Double Rear Vehicle Chang Aiguo 2015, 34(4): 73-76.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.13 Abstract ( )   PDF (682KB) ( )   The output of single rear vehicle (standard vehicle) has been decreased gradually. In order to make the roadbed deflection testing more perfect and reasonable, the common double rear vehicle was used to do test deflection, and the method of measuring was also discussed. And then the relationship of single or double rear vehicle deflections under the same roadbed were analyzed and contrasted. At last the roadbed deflection relationships between single and double rear vehicle were analyzed based on the theory of elastic semiinfinite body. The results show that: the double rear vehicle can be used in roadbed deflections detection, and the deflections between single and double rear vehicle are linear. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Vehicle Dynamic Load Coefficient Analysis Based on Pavement Roughness Yang Chunfeng, Xie Shuai, Sun Jishu 2015, 34(4): 77-81.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.14 Abstract ( )   PDF (581KB) ( )   In order to study the dynamic load effect of vehicle running on uneven pavement further, a quarter-vehicle vibration model was applied to analyze the influence law of dynamic load coefficient based on the pavement roughness, vehicle parameters and other factors by using MATLAB software. Calculation result indicates that speed and the road surface amplitude have a great influence on the dynamic load coefficient, and pavement amplitude has a linear relationship with dynamic load coefficient. It is also indicated that the main cause of the dynamic load is pavement roughness; tire damping, suspension stiffness and suspension damping have less impact on the dynamic load coefficient than others, meanwhile, to reduce the tire stiffness can significantly reduce the dynamic load. From the view point of road design, to improve the road roughness is an important measure to reduce the dynamic load. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Port & Waterway ? Hydraulic & Hydroelectric ? Resources & Environment

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Study on the Effect of Different Constraint Condition at Pile Bottom on Internal Force Distribution of Arc Row Piles with Arc Coupling Beam Internal Force Distribution of Arc Row Piles with Arc Coupling Beam Zhang Zhiwei，Deng Ronggui，Wang Zhenyong，Zhong Zhibin 2015, 34(4): 82-87.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.15 Abstract ( )   PDF (683KB) ( )   The model for arc coupling beam can be simplified as hingeless arch, according to the high order statically indeterminate characteristics of the spatial antislide structure, with the redundant forces between beam and pile top, by using deformation compatibility to set up flexibility equation of new spatial antislide structure. Based on the different constraint conditions such as freedom, hinge and fixation at the pile bottom to solve the redundant forces, then calculate and compare the internal force of arc coupling beam and the internal force and displacement of pile among the different constraint conditions at the pile bottom, and the influence law of internal force and displacement by different constraint conditions was obtained. That the moment at the bottom of pile is larger as fixed, but reduce obviously as free and displacement increase. By the constraint of coupling beam, shortening the length of anchoring section can reduce the moment at the bottom of pile. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Security Warning Measures of Shiplift Docked with Approach in Unsteady Flow Li Zhonghua, , Hu Ya’an, 2015, 34(4): 88-90.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.16 Abstract ( )   PDF (901KB) ( )   The water level fluctuation transferring rules of the TGP shiplift downstream channel between approach entrance and chamber were simulated by 2D numerical model in various downstream water level, fluctuation amplitude and cycle. The relation of the TGP shiplift downstream water level fluctuation between approach entrance and ship chamber was established. Based on the water level fluctuation transfer relation, a new security warning measurement was proposed by monitoring approach entrance water level to reduce the risk of the TGP shiplift chamber docked with downstream approach in unsteady flow. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical Modeling of Preferential Flow and Transport Channel between RoughWalled Fractures between Rough-Walled Fractures Yu Cheng, Lei Wenwu 2015, 34(4): 91-95.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.17 Abstract ( )   PDF (758KB) ( )   In order to show the impact of non-uniform void space on the flow and transport processes between rough-walled fractures, LCL modeling was employed to simulate the process of the solute transport under the flow with different crack width. The result suggests that, along with the decrease of fracture apertures, the flow field tends to get irregular, and streamlines tend to concentrate at preferential flow channels. Solute concentration front looks parallel when the fracture aperture is still significant, but gets irregular and looks similar to finger flow while fracture aperture decreases. As apertures decrease, preferential channels tend to form preferential transport channels. Solute transport speed at preferential transport channels tends to be much higher, thus some of the solute at low permeable regions seems to be trapped, or retarded within fractures. Therefore it can be concluded that when fracture apertures are small, preferential channels have significant impact on flow and transport processes between rough fractures. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Transportation Engineering

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Effects of Street Trees Porosity on Traffic Noise Reduction Hu Xisheng, Zheng Yan, Chen Min, Wei Huayun, Ye Limin, Qiu Rongzu 2015, 34(4): 96-99.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.18 Abstract ( )   PDF (499KB) ( )   Digital camera was used to take pictures of street trees, and Photoshop software was used to calculate the green belt porosity. Based on the data, the relationships of green belt porosity and traffic noise reduction were analyzed. The results showed that the green belt porosity of Yangqiao Middle Road, Wusi Road, Bayiqi Road, Shangxiadian Road, Industry Road and North Riverside Road were 0.683, 0.752, 0.600, 0.767, 0.909 and 0.787 respectively. The porosity sequences of street trees were as follows: Cinnamomum camphora (childhood), Bombax ceiba, Bauhinia purpurea, Mangifera indica, Ficus microcarpa and Cinnamomum camphora (adult). The relationships between the street tree porosity of layer A and the traffic noise reduction were obviously negative. This study provides an important theoretical foundation and practical reference for the configuration of street trees. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Information Acquisition of Expressway Drivers in Snowstorm Weather Zhang Xuguang, Gao Jianping, Wu Guoxiong 2015, 34(4): 100-103.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.19 Abstract ( )   PDF (550KB) ( )   The acquisition of snowstorm information is an important way to ensure safety for the expressway users. The acquisition strategies of driver information can provide the road users with a high rate of success and timely information. 200 drivers of different vehicles had been selected for travel purposes and information demands via questionnaires, and by comprehensive research methods, a logical model of information demand was established. Proposals for improvement had been put forward through an investigation of the existing facilities, the information publishing means and the analysis of inadequacies in the existing schemes. A summary of potential new information publishing technologies was made. Based on the feasibility analysis, a new information system was established by integrating the existing facilities and new technologies. The proposed information publishing scheme was designed to include time, groups, ranges, contents and modes. And its information publishing flow would serve as a technical prop for expressway management in snowstorm weather. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Finite Element Simulation and Analysis of Vehicle-Pedestrian Leg Collision Mo Mingli, Yang Haiwei, He Yansong 2015, 34(4): 104-106.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.20 Abstract ( )   PDF (504KB) ( )   The lower extremities are the main injured part when a pedestrian is involved in a traffic accident. A finite element model of collision between the car bumper and pedestrian lower leg was developed with Hypermesh software, and LSDYNA software was used to calculate and solve. The pedestrian leg injury index of tibia acceleration, knee bending angle and knee shearing displacement were presented according to ENCAP methods. The finite element model simulation results were validated with those of the car testing. It is indicated that it is necessary for the car to optimize the bumper system in order to improve the pedestrian leg protection. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dispatch Optimization of Pure Electric Buses Based on Charging Strategy Li Jun, Tang Xiaoyu, Zhao Changxiang 2015, 34(4): 107-112.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.21 Abstract ( )   PDF (459KB) ( )   An algorithm to optimize the fleet size of pure electric buses for single route and single charging station was proposed in consideration of charging range, charging rate, battery’s state of charge and dispatch strategy etc. The algorithm utilized a global optimization method to reduce the required number of electric buses and minimize the difference among bus departure frequency. A case study for Dongguan Songshan Lake bus line was presented to test the algorithm, and the bus schedule, charging rate, the influnce of bus power consumption, on running numbers of buses were analyzed. The proposed algorithm was compared with conventional buses dispatch algorithm. It is found that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the required number of buses and keep the balance of bus’ utilization rate, so that the cost of fleet operation can be optimized. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Queuing and Efficiency Analysis on Stereo Garage Zuo Weiheng, Jiang Daijun 2015, 34(4): 113-116.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.22 Abstract ( )   PDF (549KB) ( )   Laneway three-dimensional garage was modeled on the base of queuing theory; a series of main operating efficiency parameters were obtained. Only with the traditional method of scheduling stacker quantity, the scheduling rule of stereo garage was summarized with different vehicle arrival rates. Therefore, it was discovered that the conventional scheduling method had lower efficiency problems. Based on this situation, a new scheduling method was proposed, according to the arrival rate of vehicle, with a new stactics combining scheduling the quantity and the service rate of stackers. When the vehicle arrival rate is in underflat peak and overflat peak period, the proposed method is more effective and energyefficient, so threedimensional garage can reach the better performance indicators in the whole range of arrival rate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Literature Review of Sustainable Travel Behavior in Psychology Study Wan Yiling, Yu Yuewu 2015, 34(4): 117-121.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.23 Abstract ( )   PDF (400KB) ( )   It is a necessary requirement for sustainable transportation to guide people to choose a more sustainable way when they have a travel. Through reviewing the research in the past 40 years, this paper summarized the general study trend in the psychology in the boot of sustainable travel behavior. Specifically, the study of psychology theories, methods, results were applied to the travel behavior through depth profiling study different psychological characteristics of people in different sectors aspects (information, norms and values, attitudes, behavioral intentions, behavioral processes, behavioral outcomes) when a travel behavior occurred. Finally, the paper described the outlook for the future of sustainable travel behavior research in psychological theory. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Choice Characteristics of Students Travel Behavior Based on Household Characteristics and Nested Logit Model Characteristics and Nested Logit Model Ma Shuhong, Fu Jianchuan, Yao Zhigang 2015, 34(4): 122-127.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.24 Abstract ( )   PDF (470KB) ( )   Based on nested Logit model, the impact on students travel behavior choices due to students’ personal attributes, household characteristics and trip features was elaborated. A twolayer nested Logit model was established. The upper layer included public transit and private mode alternatives, and the lower layer included car, motorcycle, bicycle and walk. SPSS was used to calibrate and test the model according to survey data, and then the influence of household vehicle ownership, household income and other factors was analyzed. The results illustrate that household income is an important factor for mode choice, and students intend to choose private mode in a higher income household. Having a bus card or not is the most evident factors for upper mode choice, and students choosing public transit mode is 38 times than private mode when they have a bus card; household vehicle ownership and needing ferry or not are critical factors for lower mode choice, and the probabilities of students choosing a private mode are higher when their homes have a car or when there is someone picking up them. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Implementation of Logistics Demand Forecasting System Based on Hybrid Programming with C # and MATLAB Hybrid Programming with C # and MATLAB Xu Maozeng, Yu Guoyin 2015, 34(4): 128-132.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.25 Abstract ( )   PDF (824KB) ( )   According to different characteristics of logistics demand data ,8 common logistics demand forecasting models was summarized, such as, the grey GM (1,1) model, the moving average model, the exponential smoothing model, the seasonal index model，BP neural network model, linear regression model, polynomial fitting model and nonlinear regression model and so on. On the basis of it, a logistics demand forecasting system based on the hybrid programming technology with C # and Matlab was developed for the logistics enterprises, and it reduced the complexity of logistics demand forecasting in the logistics enterprises. Finally, the forecasting example shows that the system has good applicability and high forecasting accuracy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of High-Speed Railway on the Spatial-Temporal Changes of Surrounding Area Land Use Guo Qiaozhen, Jiang Weiguo, Wang Zhiheng 2015, 34(4): 133-139.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.26 Abstract ( )   PDF (1196KB) ( )   In order to gain the changes in land use induced by the construction of the high-speed railway, an analysis of temporal and spatial dynamic changes of land use along the BeijingTianjin intercity highspeed railway during the past 10 years was studied in global and local angle as an example. The analysis was based on RS and GIS technology, and three sets of remote sensing data from 2003, 2009, 2013 (TM and OLI) and railway vector data were used. First, the image was interpreted by layered extraction method to divide land use types into 5 categories including residential area, waters, farmland, forestland, and unused land. Then, the change amplitude, dynamic degree, fractal dimension, diversity and fragmentation degree of land use were analyzed in a global sense. Finally, 20 buffer areas with the radius of 1 km were established, and the dynamic change of land use in TongzhouWuqing segment was analyzed locally, and the correlation between land use variation and the buffer area was analyzed.The results showed that the main land use type was farmland in the ambitus of the Beijing-Tianjin intercity high-speed railway. The number of the farmland decreased from 2003 to 2013, and the shape became more regularly. However, the residential area increased continuously.Its dynamic degree raised from 2009 to 2013 compared with the period from 2003 to 2009, and its fragmentation degreewas in a decline trend. The landscape diversity index increased progressively. In general, the closer the distance between buffer area and railway was, the larger the change amplitude of land use was. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Quantitative Relationship of the Distance between Ships and Difficulty to Avoid Collision by Altering Course Liu Jia, Liu Chenglin, Wang Yanjie 2015, 34(4): 140-142.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.27 Abstract ( )   PDF (328KB) ( )   Altering course is the most common and effective method of collision avoidance, but the extent and effectiveness of altering course is significantly influenced by the time choice of avoidance. Starting from the ships’ maneuvering mathematics model, the difficulty to avoid collision by altering course and minimum alter angle were proposed and the corresponding mathematics model was established. Furthermore, the relationship between the distance between ships and the difficulty to avoid collision by altering course was deduced. The quantitative explanation why the difficulty of altering course and the minimum alter angle increased sharply with the decrease of the distance between ships was given. And the proposed point view is verified with the case study of famous scholar S.Lenart. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Vehicle & Electromechanical Engineering

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Optimal Active Control Based on Truck’s Body Suspension Pan Gongyu, Xu Tengyue, Zhang Shu, Yang Hai, Yang Xin 2015, 34(4): 143-146.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.28 Abstract ( )   PDF (662KB) ( )   A 5-DOF truck dynamic model was built up, and the active control was used in the front and back suspension which was based on fuzzy control. The simulation result shows that compared with the usual method of control which controls the suspension of the seat, the method which controls the body’s suspension can not only reduce the seat’s vibration, but also reduce the body’s vibration. Considering the effect of reducing vibration and production cost, the analysis on front and back suspension was carried out separately by using the active control, and the best control method was also obtained. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simplification Analysis on the Nonlinear 8-DOF Vehicle Model Liu Gang, Wang Changle, Zheng Kaifeng, Wang Wenzhu 2015, 34(4): 147-150.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.29 Abstract ( )   PDF (637KB) ( )   Nonlinear eight degree of freedom (8-DOF) vehicle model has been widely used to study the motion of vehicle and to develop various vehicle control systems. Referring to many literatures, it was found that the longitudinal, lateral, yaw and roll equations of motion in the 8-DOF model had a large difference. Aiming at these simplification forms, a full nonlinear 8DOF vehicle model was developed and the effect of different simplified terms on the whole vehicle dynamic response characteristics was discussed. At last, a reasonable simplest form was given. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Shift Control Strategy of Dual Clutch Transmission Yu Ying ,Xiao Bang, Peng Yaorun , Lan Shixin, Zhou Ping 2015, 34(4): 151-155.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.30 Abstract ( )   PDF (629KB) ( )   Shift control is an important aspect of study for Double Clutch Transmission (DCT). Based on the establishment of a driveline model of vehicle mounted with DCT, the change of output torque and speed characteristics of engine and double clutch were analyzed during shift process. Aiming at the shortcomings of the openloop control during shift process, a control method of clutch pressure and the control strategy that engine speed/torque control were combined during shift process were put forward. A simulation model of shift process for vehicle mounted with DCT was established, and its shift characteristics was simulated and analyzed. The simulation results indicate that shift is performed without excessive oscillations of shaft torque and the control strategy can control shift quality well. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fuzzy PID Control of Electronic Differential System in Electric Drive Axle Buses He Ren,Ni Yunlei 2015, 34(4): 156-160.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.31 Abstract ( )   PDF (545KB) ( )   Differential control strategies of in-wheel motor bus were researched. Calculation method about drive motor current with the corresponding wheel speed was deduced, when the motor was in constant torque. Speed coordination of the left and right wheels individually control method was proposed, which was fuzzy PID control based on slip rate. Fuzzy PID controller was designed, and the slip rate calculation method of the left and right drive wheel was deduced during differential condition; finally, the Matlab/Simulink control model system was built. Slip rate changing curve of the inner and outer drive wheel was simulated in differential condition. The proposed control system responses rapidly. Both the inner and outer drive wheel slip rate tends to be an ideal value. The simulation results are consistent with the theoretical ones. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Regenerative Braking Control Strategy for Pure Electric Off-Road Vehicle Song Bailing, Zhou Xuesheng, Yang Rui 2015, 34(4): 161-165.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.32 Abstract ( )   PDF (825KB) ( )   For the double demand of energy and power of pure electric off-road vehicle, the super capacitor was introduced into the pure electric vehicle energy storage system, constituted structure of dual energy source that was made up of super capacitor and battery energy. The deficiency of control strategy for regenerative braking in the electric vehicle simulation software ADVISOR was analyzed. The series regenerative braking control strategy based on the ECE regulations was put forward. MATLAB/Simulink was used to establish simulation model of regenerative braking system. By loading the typical road cycle of regenerative braking, the new regenerative braking control strategy in ADVISOR was contrasted with the control strategy. The simulation results show that, the new control strategy of regenerative braking can recover 33.88% braking energy, under the premise of ensuring the vehicle braking stability, and improve greatly the dynamic performance and the using rate of the vehicle energy, which increases the travel distance of electric cars. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of Intelligent Vehicle Terminal for the Safety of Dangerous Cargo Transportation Cargo Transportation Pan Daoyuan, Song Xiaolei, Shi Cunjie 2015, 34(4): 166-170.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.33 Abstract ( )   PDF (871KB) ( )   In order to reduce the road transportation accidents of dangerous cargo, to improve the transport efficiency and protect the security of driver-vehicle-cargo during transportation, an intelligent vehicle terminal was designed for the safety of the transport of dangerous cargo independently. The intelligent vehicle terminal was responsible for the realtime monitoring of driving state, the running state of vehicles and dangerous cargo. The terminal also has functions such as communication, navigation and networking. Hardware includes navigation module, MEMS sensor module, microprocessor module, power module and so on. Software system is composed of lower computer software and PC software, the functions of lower computer software are system initialization, data acquisition and processing; the PC software is responsible for calling data from lower machine to display vehicle status, and complete interactions with the driver. Finally, a road test was carried out based on the designed terminal platform. The results indicate that the intelligent vehicle terminal can run stately and have good performance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fatigue Analysis of Wheel/Rail Contact Based on ANSYS Cao Shihao, Li Xu, Wen Lianghua, Jiang Xiaoyu 2015, 34(4): 171-175.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.34 Abstract ( )   PDF (786KB) ( )   Through analyzing the principle of displacement extrapolation method to solve the fracture parameter K and comparing the results of ANSYS calculation with the results of the fracture mechanics, it was showed that the accuracy of K calculated by ANSYS could reach 99.9%. Then the contact fatigue problem of wheel/rail with surface crack was analyzed. From different angles of crack, the stress intensity factors of crack tips at different locations were obtained. The results show that, the stress intensity factor KI increases with the increase of crack angle, meanwhile, the KII decreases. When the crack angle is small, the major damage of crack is sliding mode; with the increase of crack angle, the major damage of crack transforms sliding mode into opening mode. The most dangerous location of crack is at the edge of the contact area, and the solid lubricant should be used firstly in the curing process of the rail. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Flexible Manipulator Rigid-Flexible Coupling Dynamic Model Based on Spatial Deformation Beam Spatial Deformation Beam Luo Tianhong, Huang Shifu, Chen Cai, Liu Miao, Dong Shaojiang 2015, 34(4): 176-180.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.04.35 Abstract ( )   PDF (585KB) ( )   Aiming at the manipulator which did spatial motion in a large range, a rigidflexible coupling dynamic modeling approach of the industrial robot manipulator based on deformation screw theory was proposed, and the influence of robotic spatial deformation coupling and torsional deformation on the dynamic characteristics was researched. The rigidflexible coupling dynamic theory model of flexible manipulator in a wide range of spatial motion was established, and the model applied manipulator to the spatial extent. Considering the influence of torsional deformation, the calculation simulation analysis on the model was carried out and the analysis results were compared with those of the traditional zero order model. The results indicate that the establishment of large range motion manipulator dynamics equation and the application of screw theory solve the limitations that traditional mathematical methods are limited to planar motion; the coupling between large range motion and manipulator deformation has an impact on the manipulator rod and terminal; considering deformation coupling, the manipulator dynamics characteristics will change and the manipulator vibration frequency will increase. References | Related Articles | Metrics