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23 April 1984, Volume 3 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Shields Diagram and Open Channel Resistance Deng Bo-qiang 1984, 3(2): 1-8.  Abstract ( )   PDF (449KB) ( )   Shields diagram is an experimental curve which describes the bed shear stress for the grains of sediment in critical condition. In this paper two formulae are given in the hydraulic fully rough state according to the result of Shields experiment. One formula is about the critical velocity for the grains of sediment which can be written in theform:Uc=√(0.12)/(λ)√((ρs-ρ)/(ρ))gd,while another can be described as the following equation:λ=0.0917((d)/(H))(1)/(3) They are very useful because they can be used to compute the criticalvelocity of thegrains of sediment and Dercy resistance parameter. This paper analyses the relationships among the results of these formulae and other related ones. The author discovers that they are in good accordance with one another. Related Articles | Metrics

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Legendra-Weighted Residual Method Wang Lei 1984, 3(2): 9-17.  Abstract ( )   PDF (473KB) ( )   This paper takes Legendra polynomials as the trial functions in the weighted residual method, so as to establish: 1. the least-square method, 2. the dispersion type least-square method, 3.Galerkin method, 4.the dispersion type Galerkin method. Due to the fact that there are orthogonal characteristic, odd-even characteristic, recursive characteristic, etc., the outlook of the application of this method is very bright. Related Articles | Metrics

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Calculation of Maximum Crack Width of Reinforced Concrete Members Peng Tian-ming 1984, 3(2): 18-29.  Abstract ( )   PDF (848KB) ( )   According to experimental data the author uses the simple calculation model to establish the calculation formulas of maximum crack width of reinforced concrete members subjected to bending, tension and eccentric compression. The formulas involve the main factors (steel bar stress, steel bar diameter, reinforcement ratio, steel bar arrangement, cracking strength of section, property of load, thickness of concrete cover, property of concrete, etc.). The results of calculation are in good agreement with the experimental data. Related Articles | Metrics

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Creep Prediction of Concrete Used in the Work of Design Basing on 28-days' Test Data Zhou Yuan-yong 1984, 3(2): 30-43.  Abstract ( )   PDF (822KB) ( )   This paper presents a simple empirical formula for predicting creep of concrete. This formula is used to foretell the long-time creep of concrete. It only reguires 28-days' test data of the creep. The author collected the creep prediction test data from the literatures published at home and abroad. The accuracy of the creep prediction thus obtained surpasses that was offered by B. L. Meyers. Besides, it is shown that the range of the creep prediction formula presented by B. L. Meyers is with definite limitations. Related Articles | Metrics

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Traffic Aesthetics Wang Jian 1984, 3(2): 44-49.  Abstract ( )   PDF (544KB) ( )   In this paper the author proposes a brand new subject-traffic aesthetics and dealswith some basic aesthetic principles to be applied to highway,automobile and traffic control. Traffic is subject to objective needs. when the aesthetic of the passengers is evoked, the human life may be beautified. This attributes to the development of technology and economy. As traffic aesthetics is a newly-proposed topic, much research work has to be done. Related Articles | Metrics

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Calculation of Stresses, Strains and Displacements in an N-Layered Elastic System Under the Multiple Inward Horizontal Loads on Circular Areas Wang Kai 1984, 3(2): 50-64.  Abstract ( )   PDF (763KB) ( )   On the basis of the studies of the research workers a set of formulas for calculation of stresses, strains and displacements in an n-layered elastic continuous-slip-semicombination system under the action of multiple inward horizontal loads on circular areas is derived and the corresponding computer program is compiled in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Prevention and Treatment of the Debris Flows in the District City of Hanyuan Sichuan Dai Cheng-zhong 1984, 3(2): 65-71.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1414KB) ( )   Right now exploring the ways and means in preventing and treating the debris flows in the cities and towns of the mountainous regions is of primary importance for the construction of "Four Modernizations". This paper bases on the findings of the investigations on spot to describe briefly the natural conditions, the man-made factors of the formation and the development of the in situ debris flows. We also analyse the causes of the debris flow damages to the district city of Hanyuan and put forward the principle and the measures in preventing and treating the debris flows in that city. Related Articles | Metrics

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Geomorphology and Pansystem Methodology Ai Nan-shan, Gu Heng-yue 1984, 3(2): 72-80.  Abstract ( )   PDF (758KB) ( )   This paper introduces pansystem methodology which leads to geomorphology. According to the principle of pansystem ecology, we look upon the interaction of the endoge-nic and exogenic effects as the panenviroment and at the same time the geomorphologic patterns as functions and properties.On the basis of enumerating the numerous appearances of geomorphologic pan-symmetry, this paper analyses the systematic character of the endogenic effect and the random character of the exogenic effect as well as explores the form mechanisms and the evolving laws of the geomorphologic phenomena through the pan-simulation of geomorphologic system aud the geomorphologic process. Related Articles | Metrics

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Ways and Means of Stress Control in the Prestressing Construction on Spot Su Qing-hong 1984, 3(2): 81-93.  Abstract ( )   PDF (747KB) ( )   For the problem how to control the precision of stress in prestressing construction this paper gives an economical and theoretical introduction in detail. The way of prestressing stress control involved in this paper is of Fregssinet type. However, the theorem is universal for general engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Reclaimation and the Utilization of Old Pavement Bituminous Materials (Old Residual Oil) Xiong Guang-ze 1984, 3(2): 94-99.  Abstract ( )   PDF (420KB) ( )   This paper presents the causes of aging of bituminous material (residual oil), the effectiveness of the utilization of the commonly-used additives and the feasibility of the reclaimation of old pavement materials. The author lays special stress on several problems worth notice in the technology of proceeding the latter. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Aseismatic Design of Dandong Shahe Large Bridge and the Discussion of Related Problems Xu Feng-yun, Chen De-rong 1984, 3(2): 113-133.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2264KB) ( )   This paper recommands the design method of Dandong Shahe large bridge and the calculation results. The dynamic analyses of the large-spanned arch bridge and the related problems of the earthquake-proof construction design is explicated.We have the following views:1. Because of the curvature of the arch axis and the effect of the elastic compression, the effect of the vibration couplings of the orthogonal directions in the arch plane is very obvious. 2.When the earthquake sets on the arch plane,there will be considerable strain on the lower edges of the arch springings. This is in agreement with the damage phenomenon of the arch axis. Large stress and strain may occur from L/4 to the arch crown. 3. When the earthquake acts outside the arch plane, a very large horizontal displacement and torsional moment will occur in tee arch rib. In Tongshan earthquake two lower bearing tyqe arch bridges collapsed. This was the consequence of the horizontal earthquake action. 4. The effect of the vertical earthquake component is quite big. It should not be neglected in the earthquake-proof construction design. 5. The maximum type parameters and coefficients may occur in the higher-order vibration type, therefore, if we merely make computations for the earthquake-proof construction design of the large-spanned arch bridge of the first vibration type, it may not be safe and sound. 6. There is the apparent effect of the earthquake hypogene to the arch bridge earthquake by the frequency spectrum of the earthquake wave. Therefore, we consider that it is apt to proceed the overall computations for the aseisma tic constructions by means of the dynamic analysis in dealing with the large-spanned arch bridge. Related Articles | Metrics