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20 February 2017, Volume 36 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Bridge & Tunnel Engineering
Highway & Railway Engineering
Port & Waterway · Hydraulic & Hydroelectric · Resources & Environment
Traffic & Transportation Engineering
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Bridge & Tunnel Engineering

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Optimization Method of Cable Force for LargeSpan MultiTowerer CableStayed Bridges under Dead Load ZHOU Yungang 2017, 36(2): 1-6.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.16740696.2017.02.01 Abstract ( )   PDF (3692KB) ( )   Based on optimization method of cable force for traditional cablestayed bridge, threestage optimization algorithm is proposed. In order to realize the target according to the criterion of reasonable completed status, the algorithm using rigid supported continuous beam method to calculate the initial cable force of these bridges. Then, using zero displacement method, the algorithm makes structural displacement be close to zero. Finally, taking the minimum bending energy as the optimization object and setting constraint conditions according to the reasonable finished dead state, the models are solved by the first order optimization method of ANSYS to obtain reasonable dead state, with geometric nonlinearity being considered. Four finite element models of threetower to sixtower cablestayed bridge with the span of 1400m are established and are used to establish mathematic optimization model for cable force with the algorithm realized by using ANSYS parametric design language (APDL). Calculated results show that: finetuning cable force, structure displacement slightly changes, yet the internal force remarkably changes. After the optimization, the bending moment of girder and pylon significantly decrease, and meet desired goal. Using the algorithm to analysis, internal force and deflection of all structures can meet desired goal. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Hollow Cable Shape Analysis of Suspension Bridge with Spatial Cable Plane ZHANG Yongshui, WU Zhangxu, FENG Wei 2017, 36(2): 7-10.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.16740696.2017.02.02 Abstract ( )   PDF (1564KB) ( )   Spatial cables suspension with saddle curve has a great effect on the hollow cable shape analysis, while still analysis hollow cable shape is obtained by using the virtual focus method will be inaccurate results. Two kinds of methods were adopted to analyze the hollow cable shape with saddle effect:analytic iteration method on the saddle curve wasused to find point of tangency in analysis empty cable shape. Based on the ANSYS finite element software accurate simulation of the contact relationship of main cable and saddle was made to analysis of hollow cable shape. The calculation results of the two methods were completely consistent, both can be used as suspension hollow cable shape with spatial cables calculation method. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Shield Tunneling on Adjacent Frame Buildings on Shallow Foundation DING Zhi1，QIN Jianshe2，WEI Xinjiang1，FAN Juncong1，WANG Fanyong1 2017, 36(2): 11-16.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.16740696.2017.02.03 Abstract ( )   PDF (3197KB) ( )   Shield tunneling in soft soil may disturb surrounding soils, thus causing the deformation and additional stress of adjacent buildings. Internal force changes and the deformation due to settlement of adjacent buildings on shallow foundation caused by shiled tunneling were studied and researched based on the ground loss theory .Then, a mechanical model showing the synergistic action of structure, foundation and ground of the building was established with its analyic solution deducted as well. Combined with deformation values measured, the theoretical and measured values coincided well. The research shows that in the region of shield tunneling, shallowly founded structures tend to tilt wholely. The shearing force and bending moment in foundation beams of frame structures increased with the approaching of the working face and their peak values appear when the working face arrived right under the bottom of the building. Meanwhile, in order to make sure that the impact of shield tunneling on adjacent framework structure on shallow foundations can be better controlled, the settlement difference at head and rear of the building and its inclination rate shall be monitored more closely and this way. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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FDA Method Used in Risk Assessment of GasBearing Tunnel During Construction XIONG Jianming1, CHEN Yuanjiang2, LIU Bo1, HONG Tao2 2017, 36(2): 17-23.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.16740696.2017.02.04 Abstract ( )   PDF (1470KB) ( )   Based on a comprehensive analysis of the causes to accidents in gasbearing tunnel works, five important indicators were determined to be main risks, which are the stratum lithology, the geological structure, the coal seam thickness, the depth of tunnel and the hydrogeological condition and which would have a great effect on the construction risk of the gasbearing tunnel. According to the five indicators' values, the risks were classified into five different levels during gasbearing tunnel works; And then a Fisher Discrimination Analysis model and its regularization evaluation procedure were built for risk level assessment during tunneling works. 23 previous gasbearing tunnel risk samples were studied and reviewed and corresponding risk classification function was gained. Finally the risk level of 20 gasbearing tunnels were verified with test and the test results coincide with reality. FDA method has the robust and reliable generalized evaluation computing capacity with low error rate of judgment in safety assessment and high general judgment capacity thus it can be extensively applied in risk assessment during construction of complicated engineering system of same type. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Highway & Railway Engineering

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Numerical Analysis of Asphalt Pavement Structure Temperature Behavior in Cold Regions AI Changfa1,2, HUANG Daqiang1,2, GAO Xiaowei1,2, QIU Yanjun1,2 2017, 36(2): 24-31.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.16740696.2017.02.05 Abstract ( )   PDF (4704KB) ( )   In order to study the structure temperature behavior of asphalt pavement in high cold area, the influence of meteorological parameters on the temperature distribution of asphalt pavement were analyzed, and the influences of the pavement structural type, the structural layer thickness and the interlayer condition on the pavement temperature and its stress distribution, were discussed by using ABAQUS software based on the orthogonal analysis method. The temperature of asphalt layer in different depth was predicted via the lag attenuation air temperature model. The results show that the total solar radiation and daily average wind speed have significant influence on pavement temperature, but this influence trend has no relationship with pavement structure type. The pavement temperature distribution is in small difference during low temperature period, but this difference is bigger in high temperature period. The maximum tensile & compressive stress of pavement layer in low atmosphere temperature is greater by 5 to 8 times than in high atmosphere temperature. Graded gravel base has good adaptability to temperature variation, which is the first choice of base layer materials in cold regions. The temperature forecast of pavement in cold region is carried out by using the model of delayed attenuation with sound accuracy in condition of high temperature, but with poor accuracy in low temperature, so the applicability of this model needs further improvement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Asphalt Pavement Holistic Elastic Moduluson Antisliding Performance of Pavement WU Guoxiong1,2，GAO Chao1，XIAO Bin3 2017, 36(2): 32-37.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.16740696.2017.02.06 Abstract ( )   PDF (4208KB) ( )   Antisliding performance is the main factor of the asphalt pavement quality control. In order to analyze the influence of asphalt pavement holistic elastic modulus on antisliding performance, the rolling friction and sliding friction tests were carried out respectively on three types of pavements as semiflexible pavement, semirigid pavement and flexible pavement by use of a new type of road friction coefficient measuring instrument, thus the effects of different holistic elastic modulus, upper loads, rotate speed of the test wheel on the pavement friction coefficient were analyzed. On the basis of the above, it is proposed that to control asphalt pavement holistic elastic modulus within 1 300 MPa can meet the requirement of antisliding. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pavement Performance of Recycled Plastics Modified Asphalt Mixtures YANG Xiwu， LIU Ke， HE Ze， ZHAO Bo 2017, 36(2): 38-42.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.16740696.2017.02.07 Abstract ( )   PDF (839KB) ( )   Two kinds matrix asphalts——Maoming90 and CNOOC70——were chosen, and blended with cracking recycled plastics(CRP) or recycled plastics(RP) by mass of 6% and 8% respectively, and then CRP/RP modified asphalt mixtures were made. The properties of Marshall index, high temperature stability, water stability, abrasion resistance property and fatigue life of those RP/CRP modified asphalt mixtures were studied. The results show that the stability of CRP modified asphalt mixtures can achieve 15 kN, with increasing rate of 40%, and the TSR>80%, DS>3 000 r/mm of both RP and CRP modified asphalt mixtures. The fatigue life and abrasion resistance property of RP and CRP modified asphalt mixtures are significantly higher than that of matrix asphalt mixtures. CRP modified asphalt mixtures have better performance than that of RP modified asphalt mixtures. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the Influences on CBR Value of Improved Phyllite as a Fill MAO Xuesong, ZHU Fengjie,HUANG Zhe,WANG Liyun，CHEN Yanqin 2017, 36(2): 43-48.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.16740696.2017.02.08 Abstract ( )   PDF (1534KB) ( )   The phyllite as a the raw material was taken from the eastern Ankang section of ShiyanTianshui highway and used in series experiments. The results show that phyllite is a type of weak rock of low strength, poor stability and vulnerable to disintegration and thus cannot be directly used as fill of subgrade of highlevel highway. Phyllite can only be used in subgrade as fill after it is modified. Based on the CBR test results, cement addition and coarse particle grading influenced a lot on CBR value of phyllite. But considering the constraints of economy and engineering properties , through analysis, the mix of cement addition of 3% and coarse particle content of 55% is the optimum combination. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simulation Study on Bedding Rock Slope Reinforced by AntiSlide Pile in Yuqian Expressway LIU Zhongshuai1,2 2017, 36(2): 49-54.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.16740696.2017.02.09 Abstract ( )   PDF (2491KB) ( )   Based on the event of bedding rock slope collapse occurred in Yuqian Expressway ,a simulation model simulating bedding rock slope before and after being reinforced was established by simulation software FLAC3D and parameters such as deformation and shear stress were collected from three monitoring points established. After the simulation results and site monitored data were compared, it was found that the side slope was in unstabilized condition before being reinforced and belonged to pulltype failure model and was of nature of sudden failure.After the antipile was applied for reinforcement the displacement contour diagram showed that the deformation along structure surface turned into arc deformation along free face of the slope, and shear stress concentration phenomenon in structure surface disappeared obviously. By comparing the monitored displacement after the reinforcement with simulated displacement it is obtained that the slope deformation is less and is in stabilized state, which proves the sound supporting effect of the antislide pile measure taken up. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Port & Waterway · Hydraulic & Hydroelectric · Resources & Environment

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Influence of Vertical Load on the Lateral Bearing Capacityof Wind Turbine Foundations MU Linlong1,2, LI Jie1,2, ZHANG Yanjun1,2, HUANG Maosong1,2 2017, 36(2): 55-60.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.16740696.2017.02.10 Abstract ( )   PDF (1355KB) ( )   Piled beamraft foundation of wind generating set is a new form of the foundation for wind turbine on land and a indepth discussion on the mechanical and deformation characteristics of beam, piles and soil of piled beamraft foundations by laboratory model test was carried out with focus on the impact of vertical load on the lateral bearing capacity of piled beamraft foundations. The study shows that the horizontal bearing capacity of piled beamraft foundations will be improved under vertical load. The uneven distribution of axial pile on pilehead under horizontal load decreased with increase of vertical load and pilesoil load shear ratio reduced. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Nonlimit Active Earth Pressure Against Inclined Rigid RetainingWall Considering Soil Arching Effect ZHOU Yitao1, 2，WANG Xuemin2，JIANG Wenfang3，CAI Yanyan3 2017, 36(2): 61-66.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.16740696.2017.02.11 Abstract ( )   PDF (951KB) ( )   The nonlinear relationship of lateral displacement and nonlimit internal friction angle was introduced. By the stress relationship between inclined wall back and sliding cracking surface under nonlimit state and the horizontal static equilibrium equation of horizontal micro sublayer unit, the nonlimit slide cracking surface inclination was obtained and the nonlimit active earth pressure calculation formula for inclined rigid retaining wall with soil arching effect under translating mode and the displacement considered. The parameter analysis results indicate that the increase of lateral displacement proportion causes the increase of inclination of nonlimit sliding cracking face, decrease of nonlimit active soil pressure coefficient and decerase of nonlimit active soil pressure. The increase of inclination of wall back causes the decrease of inclination of nonlimit sliding cracking face, decrease of nonlimit active soil pressure coefficient and increase of nonlimit active soil pressure. The nonlimit active soil pressure decreases with the increase of internal friction angle of filled soil and wall soil friction angle. Compared with traditional method the proposed nonlimit active soil pressure theory value fits better experimental values. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Scouring Funnel Slope Study for Hydroelectric Station HONG Zhenguo 2017, 36(2): 67-71.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.16740696.2017.02.12 Abstract ( )   PDF (820KB) ( )   The cause of the scour funnel is very complicated, and there is no strictly similar and matured method to used for scouring funnel of slope. Through comparison and analysis of three methods of empirical formula calculation, model test and prototype observation of the scour funnel induced slope in the hydropower station, the results show that the slope of empirical formula calculation generated results similar to that of the model test, and the slope of the prototype observation is gentler than slope by the empirical formula calculation and model test. The increased flushing bottom outlet flow rate, increased corresponding bottom outlet velocity , formation of the gentler scour funnel slop facilitate more clear water at inlet and normal power generation for hydroelectric station. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Influence of Seawater Salinity on Basic Characteristics of Clay Minerals MIAO Yonghong1, LU Qiang1, ZHU Jie2, XU Guizhong3 2017, 36(2): 72-77.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.16740696.2017.02.13 Abstract ( )   PDF (896KB) ( )   In order to investigate the effect of seawater salinity on such essential characteristics as liquid and plastic limits,plasticity index, and particle size distribution,the liquid and plastic limits of clay minerals under different sodium chloride concentrations and in different soaking durations were measured and the grain size analysis tests of clay minerals with different sodium chloride concentrations were also conducted. The results indicate that the salinity influences greatly liquid and plastic limits of montmorillonite. The liquid and plastic limits decrease with the increase of salinity, and such decreasing trend slows down. Compared with montmorillonite, less salinity effects on kaolinite and illite are found. With certain salinity different soaking durations have little impact on the essential characteristics of clay minerals.The grain size analysis tests show considerable reduction of clay content of montmorillonite with different salinity and small reduction of clay content of kaolinite and illite and the invisible effect of saline solution on fine particle concention in kaolinite and illite. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Traffic & Transportation Engineering

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Priority of Leftturn Bus at Intersection Based on Reverse Variable Lane XU Jianmin1,2, ZENG Lingyu1, JING Binbin1, MA Yingying1 2017, 36(2): 78-84.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.16740696.2017.02.14 Abstract ( )   PDF (1750KB) ( )   Aiming at the problem of low utilization of timespace resources at exit of intersection and to pursue the goal of giving priority of right of way to leftturn transit bus at entry lane, a priority of right of way management method was proposed which allows for priority right of way of leftturn bus at intersection by setting a reverse variable lane and exlusive lane for leftturn bus based on existing road conditions and thus the priority of leftturning bus was achieved.The conditions meeting the requirements of both lanes at cross were analyzed and the lanes were designed. The corresponding signal control method was proposed and in combination with design case the effect of running intersection before and after setting reverse variable lanes were compared by software VISSIM. The simulation results demonstrate that the management mode with reverse variable lane can effectively reduce average delay of leftturn bus at given entry and improve its traffic volume without impacting the normal movement of traffic bounding for other directions at that intersection. The effectiveness of the method was proved by reality. Therefore, the above new ideas and methods provided can achieve a better priority for the leftturn bus meanwhile reducing the idle time of exit lane. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental Research on the Priming Effect ofTraffic Signal Lights on Driving Behaviors WANG Bo1,2 2017, 36(2): 85-90.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.16740696.2017.02.15 Abstract ( )   PDF (817KB) ( )   The effect of traffic signal lights activation on driving behaviors was researched by signal activation mode and testsubjects design. The subjects judgments on the logic relationship between signal words (“red light”, “yellow light” and “green light”) and objective words—8 different driving behavors (“accelerate”, “keeping original speed”, “decelerate”, “waiting”, “pass through”, “grab line”, “avoid” and “overtaking”) and their corresponding reacting time. Experimental results indicate that: when red light is on, all subjects were intend to choose “decelerate” instead of “grabing line”, and most female subjects related red light to “avoiding”; When yellow light was on, male subjects intended to choose “accelerate” , “pass through” and “overtaking”, while female subjects intended to choose “decelerate” and “waiting”, vast majority of female subjects did not see any relationship between yellow light and overtaking“; when green light was on, male subjects intended apt to choose ”accelerate and “keeping original speed”, while female subjects intended to choose “keeping original speed”. At sight of three kinds of traffic lights , males spent less time on determining his driving behavior. Therefore it is clear that driving behavior differs by genders: the male are more decisive than females but contain potential safety hazard in their prompt decisions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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SimulationBased Trucks Allocation for Quay Cranes in Container Terminals TANG Guolei，ZHANG Ran，PENG Yun，ZHOU Yong 2017, 36(2): 91-94.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.16740696.2017.02.16 Abstract ( )   PDF (835KB) ( )   Twin 40 feet quay cranes are used to improve handling efficiency in container terminals. However, the recommended value of container trucks quantity is not given in national norms for the planned port area equipped with 40 feet quay cranes . Based on the operating characteristics of the twin 40 feet quay cranes, a microscopic traffic simulation model was built for a container terminal with twin 40 feet quay cranes in Dalian to address the trucks allocation problem. Operations in container terminal apron, yard and port gate area were included in this model. By running the simulation model, the traffic operation rule in container terminals with twin 40 feet quay cranes and the relationship between container trucks allocation quantity and the average handling efficiency of twin 40 feet quay cranes can be observed. Lastly, the recommended optimal quantity of container trucks allocated are provided , which can provide experience and reference for planning of container terminals to be equipped with twin 40 feet quay cranes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Model of Ships Aggregation at Fairway Crossing Based on Complex Network ZHANG Shukui1,2， XIAO Yingjie2，YOU Xiaojing1 2017, 36(2): 95-100.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.16740696.2017.02.17 Abstract ( )   PDF (1865KB) ( )   In order to accurately know the complex situation of ships in crossing waterway and improve channel management efficiency, a definition of crossing waterway congestion is proposed based on formation process of ship congestion. The aggregation model of pair wise ships is constructed based on the static and dynamic characteristics of ship aggregation. On this basis, the weighted network model reflecting the overall aggregation of ships in the crossing waterway was established based on complex networks theory. Finally, the weighted network model was validated through examples; the results show that the model accurately reflected the aggregation of ships in crossing waterway, which provides basis for decision making for effective implementation of channel management. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Selection of Logistic Supplier of Prefabricated Housing Components Based on EntropyTopsis Method PAN Yuhong，PAN Yongfei，MA Xu 2017, 36(2): 101-107.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.16740696.2017.02.18 Abstract ( )   PDF (1491KB) ( )   A research was carried out in depth on choosing logistic suppliers of prefabricated housing components based on EntropyTopsis model that is a comprehensive evaluation research method. Firstly, the evaluation indicator system was established, including indicators of production delivery, logistics cost, customer service and development potential. Then Entropy evaluation method was applied to calculate the weight of each indicator. Moreover, Topsis method was employed to make comprehensive evaluation and closeness evaluation on the logistic suppliers. Finally, it is proved that EntropyTopsis model can serve as an effective evaluation approach on selecting logistic suppliers of prefabricated housing components through empirical research. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Vehicle &Electromechanical Engineering

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Overview of Ship Dynamic Positioning Simulator QIAN Xiaobin, YIN Yong, SUN Xiaofeng, ZHANG Xiufeng 2017, 36(2): 108-114.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.16740696.2017.02.19 Abstract ( )   PDF (2045KB) ( )   Dynamic Positioning simulator is a closedloop control simulation system between theoretical research and practical application, which simulates the function and operating environment of dynamic positioning system by Virtual Reality technology. DP simulator is mainly used for the training of dynamic positioning operator and there is no domestic DP simulator with independent intellectual property rights. The components and working principle of DP simulator is analyzed herein and the key technologies of DP simulator are summarized. The development history of DP system and DP simulator are reviewed. The specific provisions are introduced regarding DP simulator operator training and certification carried out by the relevant international organizations such as NI, IMCA, and DNV and DP classifications are presented. Finally the system framework of one type of DP simulatior is presented and together with the feasibility of domestic DP simulators development are explored. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on AC Induction Motor for Vehicles Start ControlBased on Field Improved Vector Control LI Junwei，CAI Liangsheng，GAO Song 2017, 36(2): 115-122.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.16740696.2017.02.20 Abstract ( )   PDF (3855KB) ( )   In order to solve the problem of the AC Induction Motors(ACIM)for electric vehicles started with a large current and a small torque, a new method of field improved vector control was proposed to solve the startup problem from the viewpoint of ACIM control strategies. Both of the original and the improved model for ACIM ware established in Matlab/Simulink environment,including the rotor indirect field oriented vector control simulation and embedded automatic code generation model. Simulation debugging was carried out firstly, and then C code which was for TI Company C28x series DSP was generated, the bottom hardware driver of TMS320F28335 was written manually, integration of the upper control algorithm and the underlying drive was completed in the development environment of Code Composer Studio. Test of startup was conducted by loading consolidated control code into the motor controller which considered TMS320F28335 as its core. The original and the improved control strategy ware compared by simulation and experiment. Simulation and experimental results show that: using the method of field improved vector control, it enables ACIM to reduce the starting current and increase starting torque rapidly during period of startup. Compared with traditional conventional methods, more cost can be saved more and efficiency can be improved by the new method which improves both the boot device and the hardware structure . References | Related Articles | Metrics