Abstract: Based on the damage characteristics of occupants in front collision of coach, the front collision test of the whole coach was simulated by designing the dynamic test of occupant seat, and the occupant injury mechanism in front collision of coach was analyzed. The results show that the factors such as seat belt type, energy absorption characteristics of seat filler, seat arrangement and size of restraint partition will have a certain impact on the occupant injury. Compared with the two-point safety belt, the three-point safety belt has a significant effect on improving the risk of occupant injury, with head injury reduced by 66.44%, chest injury reduced by 48.34%, left and right lower limb injury reduced by 45.36% and 65.05% respectively. Seat filler is active and effective in improving the risk of head injury. Compared with ordinary materials, the head damage of the materials with excellent energy absorption properties is reduced by 55.78%. Seat layout with height deviation increases the risk of occupant chest injury, which increases by 11.46%. The risk of head injury of occupant and chest and lower limb injuries of occupant on the side of the aisle can be reduced with the appropriate increase of the size of the restraint partition.

Key words: vehicle engineering; coach seat; dummy; occupant injury; seat dynamic test

摘要： 基于客车正面碰撞对乘员的损害特征，通过设计客车座椅动态试验模拟整车正面碰撞试验，研究分析了客车正面碰撞中乘员的损伤机理。研究表明：安全带类型、座椅填充物吸能特性、座椅布置方式及约束隔板尺寸均会对乘员损伤产生一定影响；其中，三点式安全带相较于两点式安全带对全面改善乘员损伤风险效果明显，头部损伤减小了66.44%，胸部损伤减小了48.34%，左、右侧下肢损伤分别减小了45.36%、65.05%；座椅填充物对改善乘员头部损伤风险积极有效，吸能特性优异的材料与普通材料相比，头部损伤减小了55.78%；有高度偏差的座椅布置方式会增加乘员胸部损伤风险，胸部损伤增加了11.46%；适度增加约束隔板尺寸，能够使乘员头部及靠通道侧乘员胸部和下肢损伤风险减小。

关键词: 车辆工程；客车座椅；假人；乘员损伤；座椅动态试验