Abstract: In order to improve the survivability of the highway network in Shaanxi Province in response to emergencies and ensure the safe operation of the highway network, the vulnerability of the highway network was studied by using the complex network theory. Firstly, the weighted network model of highway in Shaanxi Province was established by the original mapping method, and the topological structure characteristics of highway network were analyzed from the aspects of nodes and edges. Secondly, an improved attack strategy was designed from the perspective of the maximum connected subgraph, and the vulnerability of highway network was analyzed from node attack and edge attack. The results show that: in terms of vulnerability of highway network, whether it is node attack or edge attack, highway network shows certain vulnerability to betweenness-based attack strategies; especially in the two attack strategies of improved betweenness attack and recalculation betweenness attack, highway network shows stronger vulnerability. In terms of attack effect, the improved degree attack strategy is better than the recalculated degree attack strategy and the initial degree attack strategy; the improved betweenness attack strategy is slightly better than the recalculation betweenness attack strategy and significantly better than the initial betweenness attack strategy. It is indicated that the improved attack strategy can not only effectively destroy the maximum connected subgraph, but also take into account the impact on network efficiency, which also verifies the effectiveness of the improved attack strategy.

Key words: traffic and transportation engineering; highway network; complex network; node attack; edge attack; vulnerability

摘要： 为提高陕西省高速公路网络应对突发事件的抗毁性，保障高速公路网络安全运营，运用复杂网络理论对高速公路网络脆弱性进行研究。首先，采用原始映射法构建陕西省高速公路的加权网络模型，从节点和连边2个方面分析了高速公路网络拓扑结构特征；其次，从最大连通子图角度设计了一种改进攻击策略，从节点攻击和边攻击2种方式对高速网络脆弱性进行分析。结果表明：在高速公路网络的脆弱性方面，不管是节点攻击还是边攻击，高速公路网络对基于介数的攻击策略都表现出一定的脆弱性，介数特别是在改进介数攻击和重新计算介数攻击2种攻击策略中，高速公路网络表现出较强的脆弱性；在攻击效果方面，改进度攻击策略要优于重新计算度攻击策略和初始度攻击策略，改进介数攻击策略要略优于重新计算介数攻击策略，要显著优于初始介数攻击策略，表明改进度攻击策略在对最大连通子图造成有效破坏的同时也能兼顾对网络效率的冲击，也验证了改进度攻击策略的有效性。

关键词: 交通运输工程；高速路网；复杂网络；节点攻击；边攻击；脆弱性